A review of the psychosocial factors that contribute to sexuality, female sexual dysfunction, and sexual pain among Muslim women.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual pain disorders are complex conditions experienced by women around the world. Muslim women experience sexuality and sexual dysfunction in a distinct manner that is influenced by religious and cultural standards. Muslim women experiencing sexual pain are a unique patient population whose cultural background should be understood by health care professionals to provide culturally competent care. OBJECTIVES: To identify the psychosocial factors that influence Muslim women's experience of sexual pain. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature through PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to compile information related to sexual dysfunction, sexual pain, and treatment options in the Muslim women population in the United States and internationally. RESULTS: Painful sex among Muslim women has been associated with female genital cutting, cultural taboos, lack of sex education, absence of language to discuss sex, negative cognitions about sex, expectations to bear the male partner's inconsiderate sexual performance, and familial interference. Typical treatments for sexual pain in Islamic countries were explored, with new treatments that have recently been tested. CONCLUSION: Understanding sexual pain among Muslim women, including the religious and cultural factors that are potentially associated with this pain, is important for health care professionals to care for their Muslim patients in a culturally competent manner and reduce the implicit bias that may affect quality of care. It appears that providing sexual education, with treatment modalities such as psychotherapy and physical therapy, is useful in treating female sexual pain. We suggest that sexual education, as well as a cultural shift that embraces women's sexual agency, is needed to reduce and prevent sexual pain.

Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Muslim Women: Increasing Awareness to Improve Overall Evaluation and Treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Muslim women are an increasingly underserved population in the United States and worldwide. Diagnosis and treatment of female sexual dysfunction bring unique challenges because of the conservative nature of those practicing the religion. Several cultural and religious codes of conduct affect sexual behavior and the dysfunction that can ensue. AIM: To assess and describe the types of sexual dysfunction that have been found in Muslim women internationally and encourage a better understanding of their issues to enhance health care delivery. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature through Ovid and PubMed was performed in search of articles reviewing female sexual dysfunction, Muslim women, and Islam. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A brief explanation and review of the interpretations of sexuality within Islam are discussed. The link is made between conservative sexual relations and interpretations and the types of sexual dysfunction experienced. Female sexual dysfunction is explored in relation to how female chastity is extolled and how cultural procedures continue despite the ethical and health concerns related to them. RESULTS: Most Muslim women experience sexual dysfunction similar to other women, including arousal, desire, and orgasmic disorders related to organic and psychologic factors. Sexual pain disorders might be more prevalent in this population, particularly concerning unconsummated marriage. There are special concerns related to maintaining virginity and preserving the hymen until marriage. Female genital cutting, practiced by some Muslim countries, has potential sexual consequences. CONCLUSION: Understanding Islamic views on sexuality and how they can affect sexual dysfunction in Muslim women is critical in opening lines of communication with patients and approaching female sexual dysfunction impartially. Although some issues that arise might introduce ethical dilemmas for the provider, having the cultural competence to address these issues will facilitate improved health care delivery. Rahman S. Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Muslim Women: Increasing Awareness to Improve Overall Evaluation and Treatment. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:535-547.

Impact of laparoscopic experience on performance on laparoscopic training drills among obstetrics and gynecology residents: a pilot study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether volume of laparoscopic experience correlates with residents' performance on laparoscopic training drills. DESIGN: Residents performed 4 laparoscopic drills in the inanimate laboratory: peg transfer, bean drop, rope pass, and triangle transfer. Performance times were recorded. Laparoscopic experience as primary surgeon was determined from resident case logs. The resident data were divided according to volume of laparoscopic experience (0-19, 20-39, > or =40 cases). Performance times were compared among the groups according to volume of laparoscopic surgical experience. DESIGN CLASSIFICATION: II-3. SETTING: This study was conducted in a university school of medicine surgical skills laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Participants in this study were obstetrics and gynecology residents entering their second through fourth years of training. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic trainer drill performance times were recorded and correlated with amount of operative laparoscopic experience. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In all, 25 residents participated. Only the peg transfer drill showed statistically significant correlation between faster performance time and increasing laparoscopic experience (p =.01). No significant association existed between laparoscopic experience and performance time on the bean drop, triangle transfer, or rope pass drills. CONCLUSION: Residents with more laparoscopic experience performed the peg transfer drill significantly faster than those with less experience.